TANZANIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Review of the Global Regulations and Assessment of the Exposure Risk of Aflatoxin Contamination in Spices from Tanzania

Happy Magoha — 2026-03-03

Determinants of Urban Farmers’ Acceptance of Faecal Sludge Compost in Urban Agriculture: Evidence from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Isabela Thomas Mkude — 2026-03-03

Urban agriculture plays a crucial role in food security in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The use of faecal sludge derived compost (FSDC) is known to aid sustainable and circular agriculture by reuse of valuable nutrients. Key to ensuring environmental and human health safety is by proper processing of FSDC to eliminate inorganic, organic and microbial contaminants embedded in the source materials without compromising nutrient content. However, the utilization of FSDC remains limited due to farmers’ prejudice and hesitance. This study investigates the factors influencing urban farmers’ acceptance of FSDC for agriculture. A cross-sectional survey of 76 urban farmers was conducted, with data analysed through descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis. Farmers’ awareness and experience in applying FSDC in agriculture are important factors that play a role in its acceptance. Results indicate the significant association among garden location in communal areas, income generation as the primary farming purpose, and accessibility of soil inputs are significantly associated with FSDC acceptance. The findings highlight the importance of ease availability and affordability of a compost product with the capacity of enhancing an increase in crop yields to foster acceptance. The study recommends frequent training sessions through workshops and demonstration plots to farmers for awareness-raising and ensuring the good quality of produce by FSDC to promote safe and sustainable reuse of FS in Dar es Salaam's urban agriculture sector.

Cybersecurity in Tanzanian Banks: An Evaluation of Threats, Institutional Strategies, and Client Awareness

Juliana Kamaghe — 2026-03-03

This study evaluates network security vulnerabilities and countermeasures in Tanzania’s banking sector. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 15 commercial banks through structured interviews with ICT managers, document reviews of regulatory compliance, and vulnerability scanning with Nessus. The assessment focused on five criteria: risk exposure, technical capabilities, regulatory compliance, business impact, and adaptability to evolving threats. Results show that phishing, credential theft, and malware are the most common types of attacks, with only 40% of sampled banks conducting regular penetration tests and 30% utilising multifactor authentication. Compliance with PCI DSS and Bank of Tanzania guidelines was partial, particularly in areas such as access control and vulnerability management. Limited budgets and a shortage of skilled personnel further weakened the security posture. The findings highlight the urgent need for coordinated investment in layered defences, staff training, and more vigorous enforcement of security standards to protect customer data and maintain public trust in Tanzania’s banking system.