Challenges of Teaching and Learning Through Open and Distance Learning (ODL) System: The Case of the Open University of Tanzania

Abstract

Like in other countries higher and technical education through Open and Distance Learning (ODL) in Tanzania is increasingly becoming popular. Teaching and learning through ODL has also been recognized to be effective in practical application of the acquired knowledge, skills and competences. While recognizing the potential of teaching and learning through ODL, this paper acknowledges existence of challenges that need to be identified and analyzed so that viable solutions to address them are sought and implemented. It also explores some ways to stimulate innovativeness and creativity in teaching and learning through ODL for the purpose of enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of ODL programmes. The paper is based on a recent research on the challenges of teaching and learning through ODL at the Open University of Tanzania (OUT) which investigated the challenges that OUT was facing and the initiatives it was undertaking to combat these challenges. The findings of the research indicated that there were challenges in the areas of: ODL qualifications of both academic and supporting staff; production and distribution of study materials; infrastructures for teaching and learning, student attitudes and expectations; student support services and assessment. Initiatives by OUT to meet these challenges included introduction of staff ODL induction course; developing and encouraging staff and students to use e-learning materials, teaching computer courses to students and potential students; collaboration with other educational institutions at national, regional and global levels; the use of students portfolio and participating in the development of a national ODL policy.